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Placebo deception and without irritable bowel syndrome

published in PLoS December
The placebo works even without deceit.
study in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The placebo in clinical trials is typically used as a control to test potential new drugs. In these studies, patients are divided into two groups (drug vs placebo) and the data analyzed to see whether the pharmacological effect is greater than that of placebo. Often the data point to a therapeutic response in those who take pills that do not contain active ingredients. The placebo data are so convincing that many doctors (one study estimates 50% in the U.S.) secretly administered placebo in patients unaware.
As this deception is ethically questionable, Ted Kaptchuk and colleagues, evaluated the power of placebo in an honest and respectful. The researchers, belonging all'Osher Research Center Researchers at Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, studied 80 patients with irritable bowel syndrome , dividing them into two groups. A group that served as a control did not receive any medication, the other has knowingly received placebo. Kaptchuk illustrating how the study says, "Not only did we make it quite clear that the tablets were sugar pills without the active ingredient, but we also say 'placebo' labels' . Patients were followed for 3 weeks. At the end of the observation period almost twice as many patients treated with placebo showed a significant improvement in symptoms than the control group (59% vs 35%) . In addition, other clinical parameters, improvement rates were comparable to those obtained with the most powerful drugs against irritable bowel syndrome.
the authors caution that this study simply opens the door to the notion that the placebo is also effective in the patient fully informed. Although larger studies are needed, these results suggest that treatment with placebo even when administered without hiding with a plausible rationale of potential effects, may produce a beneficial response .

Placebos Without Deception: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Kaptchuk TJ et al. PLoS ONE 5 (12): e15591 .

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Mortality and morbidity

Increased life expectancy is accompanied by several years spent in health

was revealed by new research published in the December issue of the Journal of Gerontology
Spendiamo più tempo da malati rispetto ad un decennio fa

Dal 1970 al 2005 la probabilità di un sessantacinquenne di sopravvivere fino all'età di 85 anni è raddoppiata, passando dal 20% del 1970 al 40% del 2005. Molti ricercatori presumono che le stesse ragioni che permettono alle persone di vivere più a lungo, comportamenti salutistici e progressi in campo medico possano allo stesso tempo ritardare l’insorgenza di malattie consentendo di spendere meno anni di vita con una malattia debilitante. Questa nuova ricerca condotta da Eileen Crimmins, Gerontologa presso la University of Southern California ,  dimostra che il periodo medio di vita trascorso with serious or debilitating diseases has increased over the last ten years.
According to the researcher the possibility of life in health of a twenty year old today has been reduced by one year compared to a peer than a decade ago, even though life expectancy has increased.
"We always assumed that each new generation was more healthy and long-lived than the previous one," said Crimmins , "However, the compression of morbidity may be as illusory as immortality."
A male of 20 years in 1998 could expect to live another 45 years without at least one of the leading causes of death: cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. The number of years has fallen to 43.8 years in 2006, with the loss of more than a year. For young women the life expectancy of young people without serious illnesses has fallen from 49.2 years to 48 years in the last ten years.
"There is substantial evidence that we have done little to eliminate or delay the onset of disease, while we have reduced death from disease," said Crimmins "at the same time there was a significant increase in the incidence of certain chronic diseases, especially diabetes. " From 1998 to 2006 also increased the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among men, cancer in both sexes and of diabetes from 30 years onwards. In addition increased the percentage of people with more than one disease.
"The growing problems associated with obesity, hypertension and high cholesterol are the evidence that human health does not improve over the generations" reiterates Crimmins, "there seems to be moving toward a world where we arrive at the end of life without experiencing a significant period of illness, loss of function or disability. "


References:
Crimmins and Beltrán-Sánchez. "Morbidity and Mortality Trends: Is There Compression of Morbidity?" J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci (2011) 66B (1): 75-86 .

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